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LOWER CRIMINAL SUPERIOR AND APPELLATE COURTS IN THE USA

Контрольна робота

№ K-19882

Варіант 9 «Ш-Щ»
1. Письмово перекладіть текст

LOWER CRIMINAL SUPERIOR AND APPELLATE COURTS IN THE USA
The court system administering the criminal process includes lower criminal courts, superior courts and appellate courts. The lower criminal courts of any state, variously called police courts, district courts deal with the largest number of criminal offenses. They daily handle a large volume of criminal offenses, including such crimes as assault and battery , breaking and entering, possession of drugs and juvenile offenses. Where a trial is required in the lower courts, it often occurs before a judge rather than a jury, because the defendant often waives the constitutional right to a jury trial.
Lower criminal courts, although responsible for misdemeanor offenses, also process the first stage of felony offenses by holding preliminary hearings, making bail decisions and conducting trials of certain felonies where they have jurisdiction as defined by statute.
The superior courts, or major trial courts have general jurisdiction over all criminal offenses but ordinarily concentrate on felony offenses. They conduct jury trials with much formality and with strict adherence to the defendant's constitutional rights. These courts also accept guilty pleas generally give offenders longer sentences because more serious nature of their crimes , and in certain instances review sentences originally imposed by lower courts. The highest state court is a supreme, or appeals court, whose functions are similar to those of the US Supreme Court in the federal judicial system. State supreme courts are primarily appellate courts that do not conduct criminal trials.
Appellate courts deal with procedural errors arising in the lower courts, that are considered violations of right guaranteed by the state and / or the US Constitution, such as the use of illegal evidence. Questions of fact decided in the original trial are not ordinarily reviewed in the appellate process. The appellate court has the authority to affirm, modify or reverse decisions of the lower criminal court
II. Дайте відповідь на запитання до тексту.
1) What does the court system include?
2) What jurisdiction have the superior courts?
3) What is the highest state court?
III. Перепишіть дані речения в PASSIVE VOICE.
1) They sat at a large round table.
2) I liked the novel very much.
3) My husband spoke to his boss last week.
4) Has somebody done all the work?
IV. Складіть речення з даними словами
preliminary; guilty; to decide; to include.
V. Визначте в даних реченнях часову форму дієслова
1) We've been helping since 5 o'clock.
2) I was late because I had got stuck in a traffic jam.
3) She has never had some lovely holidays.
VI. Складіть з даних слів речення зберігаючи порядок слів
1) \ по \knows \ law \ necessity \
2) \ to \ is \ repentance \ step \ confession \ first \ the \
3) \ pleasures \ sweetest \ are \ stolen \
VII. Знайдіть помилки в реченнях.
1) Its activity attract the attention of many people.
2) I looking forward to hearing from you soon.
3) Which photos would you like to look?
VIII. Перекладіть речення на українську мову
1) Primary schools are to be issued with guidelines on how to deal with drug abuse, amid warnings that solvent sniffing is rife among children as young as seven.
2) Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by Antoine Henri Barneveld. who noticed that uranium salts had a pronounced effect on photographic plates even through thin sheets of metal.

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