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The United States of America

Контрольна робота

№ K-19930

ВАРІАНТ № 8
ПЛАН РОБОТИ
1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.
2. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.
3. Складіть речення зі словами, які підкреслені в тексті. Вкажіть час та спосіб, підкресліть підмет та присудок. Перекладіть речення .
4. Підберіть статтю на юридичну тему (на рідній мові). Напишіть англійською мовою про що говориться в статті (20 речень). Стаття додається.
5. Напишіть розповідне , питальне (загальне, спеціальне) та заперечне речення в :
Present Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Past Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Future Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Напишіть переклад речень.
6. Напишіть тeмy “About Myself” та не менше 8 речень англійською мовою чому ви поступили до ОДУВС.
7. Список літератури.
8. Підпис.
The United States of America
Sentencing is a judicial function which is performed after an accused is found guilty. It is a post-conviction procedure in the United States which reflects the fact that a criminal trial is divided into two phases, namely, the adjudication of guilt and the determination of the appropriate sentence.
Sentence is the punishment ordered by a court to be inflicted upon a person convicted of a crime. Such an order usually identifies the authority which must carry out the sentence and authorizes and directs such authority to execute the order.
The legislature which determines the sentence that the judge is to apply does so in one of three ways: (1) fixed sentence, (2) minimum to maximum ranges, or (3) alternative choice of punishment. The fixed sentence approach has usually been considered a retributive approach which does not take into account the need to individualize the sentence. The minimum to maximum range offers an opportunity to tailor the sentence and to take into account various considerations pertaining to the purposes of imprisonment and its effectiveness. Although the sentencing judge has discretion between these limits, his decision remains subject to review if he has clearly abused his authority by failure to properly review the moral character of the offender. The alternative choice of punishment is an approach which permits the judge a wider scope of choosing among such penalties as fines, imprisonment, and other alternatives set forth by law.
The court which applies these provisions relating to sentencing does so in a separate post-trial hearing which in most cases immediately follows the finding of guilt. Whenever the law provides for a fixed sentence, the court would only be able to decide whether the offender should be placed on probation, provided, of course, that probation is permissible in such cases in that jurisdiction. In the event that probation is permissible and in those jurisdictions where the court has some discretion in imposing punishment, there shall be a hearing on mitigation and aggravation. Such a hearing will be held to determine the appropriate choice of applicable punishment. Since this type of hearing does not bear on the issue of guilt and innocence which has already been determined, the rules of evidence are relaxed and all evidence bearing on the mitigation and aggravation of the crime and the offender is admissible. Usually this will include prior criminal record, reputation, character, attitude of the offender, and other personal factors bearing on his or her dangerousness and resocialization potential.
Determinate sentence is a sentence imposed for a definite rather than indefinite term. It may be a mandatory sentence or a sentence imposed within a permissible range by the exercise of judicial discretion. An indeterminate sentence is a sentence for the maximum period prescribed by law for the particular offence committed, subject to the provision of the statute that the custodial portion may be sooner terminated by the parole board. The sentence may be terminated any time after the expiration of the minimum period required for parole eligibility. Concurrent sentences are the sentences that run at the same time. Two or more sentences running concurrently need not begin and/or end at the same time. Consecutive (cumulative) sentence is a sentence that runs separately from one or more sentences to be served by the same individual. The sentence is cumulative to the extent that it begins after an existing sentence has terminated either by ex¬piration of the maximum term of the existing sentence, or by release from the present sentence through parole. If the consecutive sentence is a custodial one, the parole will be to the cell parole so that the consecutive sentence may be served during the period of the parole.

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