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In sentencing an offender, the judge or magistrate will take account of:

Контрольна робота

№ K-19975

ВАРІАНТ № 7
ПЛАН РОБОТИ
1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.
2. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.
3. Складіть речення зі словами, які підкреслені в тексті. Вкажіть час та спосіб, підкресліть підмет та присудок. Перекладіть речення .
4. Підберіть статтю на юридичну тему (на рідній мові). Напишіть англійською мовою про що говориться в статті (-20 речень). Стаття додається.
5. Напишіть розповідне , питальне (загальне, спеціальне) та заперечне речення в :
Present Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Past Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Future Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Напишіть переклад речень.
6. Напишіть тeмy «About Myself» та не менше 8 речень англійською мовою чому ви поступили до ОДУВС
7. Список літератури.
8. Підпис.

In sentencing an offender, the judge or magistrate will take account of:
a) The facts of the offence, which have been presented in court. In addition, a defendant pleading guilty may wish to admit other similar offences and the courts have adopted the practice of taking offences into consideration without the offender being formally convicted of them.
b) The circumstances of the offender. The prosecution will pro vide a statement known as «the antecedents» covering domestic circumstances, previous convictions and sentences. In addition, for serious offences, a social inquiry report giving fuller information will usually be prepared for the court by a probation officer. This report contains information about the character, personality and so cial and domestic background of the defendant; educational record and information about employment (if any). This report may include comments on possible sentences.
Courts in England and Wales have a wide range of sentencing options available to them. The maximum extent of sentencing is applied as a rule in cases where the act has a nature of the «worst case». Where an offender is sentenced to imprisonment for several offences, sentences may run either concurrently or consecutively In cases of conviction for two or more criminal offences courts may impose sentences the terms of which expire concurrently or consecutively. In the latter case, terms of imprisonment may exceed 25 years.
Non-custodial options for adult offenders include absolute discharges (for the least serious offenders where the court believes that it is expedient to inflict punishment) and conditional discharges, which similarly impose no obligation on the offender except that he remains liable to punishment for the offence if, within a specified period, he is convicted of a further offence. Where punishment or supervision is called for, the court has available financial penalties (fines and compensation orders), probation orders, community service orders and attendance center orders. Since the circumstance of each offence and of each offender vary greatly, courts are given wide discretionary powers in dealing with offenders. All the available sentencing options - from absolute discharge to imprisonment -are available for all imprisonable offences except murder, for which life imprisonment is mandatory. The problem of consistency is tackled in various ways. The Home Office produces a handbook «The Sentence of the Court», which gives detailed information about the purpose and availability of each disposal. It also summarizes research findings about the effectiveness of different sentences and indicates the cost of each of the main forms of disposal. The Criminal Statistics, which are published annually, includes information on the sentencing practice of individual magistrates' courts. This will facilitate comparison of the sentencing practices of different courts and will enable sentences more readily to compare their practices with those of other courts. Another important method of promoting consistency is the Court of Appeal's practice of issuing guidance to the lower courts on a wide range of sentencing issues. They have, for example, asserted the need for prison sentences for non-violent petty offenders to be kept short if they are to be imposed at all. At the same time, such guidance is directed not simply at avoiding unnecessary imprisonment or reducing sentence lengths. Public concern about such offences as violence and rape have led to calls for tougher sentences for these particular crimes.
Suspended sentence - adult only. Where the court decides that the offence in the light of the adult offender's record is insufficiently serious to justify a sentence of not more than two years' imprisonment, the sentence may be suspended. for at least one year and not more than two years. The suspended prison sentence is not served at all, unless the offender commits a further imprisonable offence during the operational period.
Discharge. The court may discharge a person either absolutely or conditionally where the court takes the view that it is not necessary to inflict punishment. For an absolute discharge, no further action is required. However, in a conditional discharge, the offender remains liable to punishment for the offence if he is convicted of a further offence within whatever period (not more than three years ) that the court may specify.
Remission of a sentence, under the Prison Rules, is available to anyone serving a sentence of imprisonment of more than five days. Remission will be granted automatically unless forfeited (wholly or in part) for an offence against prison discipline.
Parole is, on the other hand, a discretionary and conditional system of release. It applies only to determinate sentenced prisoners who have: served at least one-third of the sentence imposed by the court; served at least six months in prison, excluding any time on remand; been recommended for release by the Parole Board (or the Local Review Committee at the prison) and approved for release by the Home Secretary.

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