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The Legal Heritage of Greece and Rome

Контрольна робота

№ K-21159

Контрольна робота №1
для студентів I курсу ЗФО

Дисципліна: Англійська мова за професійним спрямуванням

Варіант II

Task 1: Read and translate the text into Ukrainian.

The Legal Heritage of Greece and Rome.

The ancient Greeks were among the first to develop a concept of law that separated everyday law from religious beliefs. Before the Greeks most civilizations attributed their laws to their gods or goddesses. Instead, the Greeks believed that laws were made by the people for the people.
In the seventh century B.C., Draco drew up Greece’s first comprehensive written code of laws. Under Draco’s code death was the punishment for most offences. Thus, the term draconian usually applies to extremely harsh measures.
Several decades passed before Solon – poet, military hero, and ultimately Athens’ lawgiver – devised a new code of laws. He ended exclusive aristocratic
Control of the government, substituted a system of control by the wealthy, and introduced a new law code.
Solon’s great contribution to the future good of Athens was his new code of laws. He revised every statute except that on homicide and made Athenian law altogether more humane.
Trial by jury, an ancient Greek tradition was retained, but enslaving debtors was prohibited as were most of the harsh punishments of Draco’s code. Under Solon’s law citizens of Athens were eligible to serve in the assembly and courts were established in which they could appeal government decisions.
What the Greeks may have contributed to the Romans was the concept of “natural law”. In essence, natural law was based on the belief that certain basic principles are above the laws of a nation. These principles arise from the nature of people.
The concept of natural law and the development of the first true legal system had a profound effect on the modern world.

Task 2: Write down Ukrainian equivalents for the words and expressions in bold type.
Task 3: Answer the following questions:

1. What does the ancient Greek concept of law comprise?
2. What is the origin and the meaning of the word “draconian”?
3. What was Solon’s contribution to ancient law?

Task 4: Give the word family of the word legal. Give their Ukrainian equivalents. Make up your own sentences.

Task 5: Put the verbs in the correct form:
1) Roman law (to develop) from the Laws of the Twelve Tables.
2) Solon , the Athenian statesman, (to be, to know) as one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece.
3) In modern-day Italy, France, Spain, and the countries of Latin America, law codes (to base) on Roman legal principles (to be) still in use.
4) Hebrew law can be (to find) in the Bible.
5) The Emperor Justinian (to live) in Constantinopole.

Task 6: Insert the articles if necessary:
1) … Napoleonic Code influenced the law of many countries in Europe and … South America.
2) …Roman law had a strong influence on the law of most European countries.
3) …Emperor Justinian ordered to make a systematic code of all the laws.
4) When Augustus was … emperor, professional law schools were established.
5) Justinian, … emperor … the eastern empire, had his huge body of laws codified.

Task 7: Insert prepositions if necessary:
1) Professinal law schools were established … the times of Emperor Augustus.
2) Solon revised every statute except that … homicide and made Athenian law altogether more humane.
3) … Draco’s code death was the punishment for most offences.
4) The concept … natural law had a profound effect … the modern world.
5) Roman laws became international, particularly the laws dealing … commerce.
Task 8: Write down the numerals in words:
1) 600 B.C.;
2) 5th century;
3) In 1215;
4) June 15, 1586.

Task 9: Put 5 questions about the text.
Task 10: Render into English:
Драконт – афінський законотворець, чиї дуже жорстокі закони передбачали тільки одне покарання – смерть – як за тяжкі злочини, так і за незначні порушення.
Кодекс Драконта був прийнятий в 621 р. до н.е. Пізніше Солон відмінив деякі закони Драконта, залишив лише покарання за вбивство.

Ціна

50

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